East Lancashire Road

The ability of people to move around an area and reach places

and facilities, including elderly and disabled people, those with

young children and those encumbered with luggage or shopping.

Housing, whether for rent, shared ownership or outright purchase,

provided at a cost considered affordable in relation to incomes

 that are average or below average, or in relation to the

 price of general market housing.

A designation made by a local authority where an assessment

 of air quality results in the need to devise an action plan

 to improve the quality of air.

A positive element or elements that contribute to the overall

 haracter or enjoyment of an area. For example, open land,

trees, historic buildings and the inter-relationship between

 them, or less tangible factors such as tranquillity.

Open land, often landscaped, that makes a positive

contribution to the appearance of an area or improves the

quality of the lives of people living or working within the l

ocality. It often provides opportunities for activities such

as sports, and can serve other purposes such as reducing

the noise from a busy road or providing shelter from

prevailing winds

ANPR

Article 4 Direction

Automatic Number Plate Recognition

Direction removing some or all permitted development

rights, for example within a conservation area or curtilage of

a listed building. Article 4 directions are issued by local

planning authorities. 

A 'holding' direction (often a letter) issued by the by government

stating that a local planning authority cannot grant

planning permission for a particular proposal until further notice

Kate Barker review of housing supply commissioned by

HM Treasury and what was the Office of the Deputy Prime

Minister: Delivering stability: securing our future housing

needs, March 2004.

Kate Barker review of land use planning that focused on the

link between planning and economic growth: Barker Review

of Land Use Planning, December 2006.

The way an authority measures, manages and improves its

performance with regard to government targets.

Previously developed land which is or was occupied by a

permanent structure, including the curtilage of the developed l

and and any associated fixed surface infrastructure.

Also see 'Previously-Developed Land'.

An artificial mound or embankment used to either screen a

site from view, or reduce noise emissions.

Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment.

A public body acting as a champion of good design in England.

The geographical area from which a retail destination

draws its trade. Sometimes measured in terms of

'Drive Time'.

A government publication setting out procedural matters

and guidance.

The highest order centre, often a regional or sub-regional

retailing and service centre, serving a wide catchment.

The concept of the city-region can be understood as a

functionally inter-related geographical area comprising a

central, or Core City, as part of a network of urban centres a

nd rural hinterlands. A little bit like the hub (city) and the

spokes (surrounding urban/rural areas) on a bi-cycle wheel.

Long-term changes in temperature, precipitation, wind and

all other aspects of the Earth's climate. Often regarded as a

result of human activity and fossil fuel consumption.

A group of businesses or organisations who, owing to the

goods they produce and/or services they provided have

common customers, technology or use similar specialist

skills. They group together in order to enhance their overall

competitive advantage of individual companies.

'Communities and Local Government' is the successor

department to the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister (ODPM).

It is an expanded department with a powerful new remit to

promote community cohesion and equality,

as well as responsibility for housing, urban regeneration,

planning and local government

A strategy prepared by a local authority to improve local

quality of life and aspirations, under the Local Government

Act 2000.

Areas of special architectural or historic interest, the character

or appearance of which it is desirable to preserve or enhance.

A large densely populated urban sprawl formed by the growth

and coalescence of individual towns or cities. 

A network of bus routes serving major destinations/corridors

often having standards for frequencies, times of operation,

vehicle quality, levels of bus priority and passenger information.

Feeder networks link into the core networks.

An assessment method that is sometimes used to compare

the benefits and costs of a development proposal, such as a

major infrastructure project.

CROPT

CT

Cumulative Impact

Crime Reduction on Public Transport Partnership

Community Transport

A number of developments in a locality or a continuous activity

over time that together may have an increased impact on the

environment, local community or economy.

The area normally within the boundaries of a property

surrounding the main building and used in connection with it.

An integrated network of both on- and off-road routes to

facilitate an easier and safer journey for cyclists.

DCSF

Demand Responsive Transport

Department for Children, Schools and Families

A local transport service tailored to passenger needs,

operating not unlike a taxi service. Usually provided where

there are infrequent bus services, such as rural areas.

Development is defined under the 1990 Town and Country

Planning Act as "the carrying out of building, engineering,

mining or other operation in, on, over or under land, or the

making of any material change in the use of any building or

other land." Most forms of development require planning

permission (see also "permitted development").

Development Control &

Development Management

The process whereby a local planning authority receives

and considers the merits of a planning application and whether

it should be given permission having regard to the development

plan and all other material considerations.

A document setting out the local planning authority's policies

and proposals for the development and use of land and buildings

in the authority's area. It includes Unitary, Structure, and Local

Plans prepared under transitional arrangements. It also includes

the new-look Regional Spatial Strategies and Development Plan

Documents prepared under the Planning & Compulsory Purchase

Act of 2004.

The means by which disabled people (as defined in the Disability

Discrimination Act 1995) can conveniently go where they want.

Roads that distribute traffic and bus services within the main

residential, commercial and industrial built-up areas.

A group of shops and some service outlets serving part of an

urban area and providing a geographic focus for it, separate

from the town centre, but with more variety than local centres.

Driver and Vehicle Licensing Authority

A location that is within easy walking distance (often considered

200-300 metres) of the primary shopping area.

Government advisors with responsibility for all aspects of p

rotecting and promoting the historic environment. English

Heritage is responsible for advising the government on the

listing of historic buildings.

The national regeneration support high quality sustainable

growth in England

A government body that aims to prevent or minimise the

effects of pollution on the environment and issues permits to

monitor and control activities that handle or produce waste. It

also provides up-to-date information on waste management

matters and deals with other matters such as water issues

including flood protection advice.

Applicants for certain types of development, usually more

significant schemes, are required to submit an "environmental

statement" accompanying a planning application. This evaluates

the likely environmental impacts of the development, together

with an assessment of how the severity of the impacts could

be reduced.

The information and data gathered by local authorities to justify

the "soundness" of the policy approach set out in Local

Development Documents, including physical, economic,

and social characteristics of an area.

A term given to the examination of Structure Plans under

transitional arrangements.

Generally low-lying areas adjacent to a watercourse, tidal

lengths of a river or the sea, where water flows in times of

flood or would flow but for the presence of flood defences.

An assessment of the likelihood of flooding in a particular

area so that development needs and mitigation measures

can be carefully considered.

The numbers and movements of people to provide an indicator

of the commercial health of a shopping centre, whilst also

informing potential businesses of the likely level of passing trade.

Carbon-rich fuel (coal, oil and natural gas) formed from the r

emains of ancient animals and plants. Their combustion is

considered to contribute to the 'greenhouse effect'.

Community involvement in the production of Local Development

Documents to gain public input and seek consensus from the

earliest opportunity.

GMBOA

gmfuturetransport 

Greater Manchester Bus Operators' Association

GMPTA website explaining their future proposals

GMP

GMPTA

Greater Manchester Police

Greater Manchester Passenger Transport Authority

A designation for land around certain cities and large built-up a

reas, which aims to keep this land permanently open or largely

undeveloped. The purposes of the green belt is to:

assist urban regeneration by encouraging the recycling of

derelict and other urban land 

Green belts are defined in a local planning authority's

development plan.

HLOS

Infrastructure 

High Level Output Specification

Basic services necessary for development to take place,

for example, roads, electricity, sewerage, water, education

and health facilities.

To transfer between different transport modes to complete a

single journey. Transport interchanges are places where the

change between modes of travel is easy, for example a

bus/rail station or an airport with rail access.

New business investment or expansion of an existing

investment into an area from outside.

The collection by local authorities of recyclable goods

directly from households, or occasionally industrial

and commercial premises.

The stock land with planning permissions but where

development has yet to take place. The landbank can be of

land for minerals, housing or any other use.

The way buildings, routes and open spaces are placed or

laid out on the ground in relation to each other.

A local railway or tram system, sometimes capable of sharing

roads with traffic and heavy railways.

A three year agreement, based on local Sustainable

Community Strategies, that sets out the priorities for a

local area agreed between Central Government, represented

by the Government Office (GO), and a local area, represented

by the local authority and other key partners through Local

Strategic Partnerships (LSPs).

A small group of shops and perhaps limited service outlets

of a local nature (for example, a suburban housing estate)

serving a small catchment. Sometimes also referred to as a

local neighbourhood centre.

A five-year integrated transport strategy, prepared by local

authorities in partnership with the community, seeking funding

to help provide local transport projects. The plan sets out the

resources predicted for delivery of the targets identified in the

strategy. Local transport plans should be consistent with the

policies and priorities set out in the Regional Transport Strategy

as an integral part of the Regional Spatial Strategy.

Small to medium-sized country towns that are rural service,

social and economic centres. Most also hold or used to hold

a regular market. 

shifting mode of travel to or from car, rail, bus, walk or cycle,

or not undertaking a journey at all

A detailed study that considers the problems and solutions

affecting all forms of travel along a particular route. Multimodal

studies assess against government objectives of accessibility,

economy, environment, integration and safety.

The balance of supply and demand between retailers and

consumers. Often expressed as personal expenditure available

to support additional shops to extensions to existing shops.

A newly planned settlement. The first new towns were planned

urban communities under the 1946 New Towns Act. Their main

purpose was to reduce congestion in major cities through the

creation of attractive urban units that would provide local

employment for their residents.

In terms of planning guidance, when assessing a proposal

for residential development near to a source of noise, planning

authorities use noise exposure categories to help consider

the effects.

Sources of energy not derived from the combustion of fossil

fuels. Examples include renewable energy resources such

as wind or hydroelectric (water) power.

Objectives are what are trying to be achieved, and indicators a

re measures that show whether or not objectives are being

achieved. They can be used to help show whether planning

policy is effective, or be used in helping to conduct a

Sustainability Appraisal.

Projects that involve electricity generation methods such as

offshore wind or wave generators. Central government may

deal with these rather than local planning authorities.

All space of public value, including public landscaped areas,

playing fields, parks and play areas, and also including not

just land, but also areas of water such as rivers, canals, lakes

and reservoirs, which can offer opportunities for sport and

recreation or can also act as a visual amenity and a haven for

wildlife.

A form of surface mining to win minerals, where the

overburden (see definition below) is literally 'cast' from the

working face to the rear as the mineral is exposed.

A general application for planning permission to establish

that a development is acceptable in principle, subject to

subsequent approval of detailed matters. Does not apply to

changes of use.

In retailing terms, a location that is clearly separate from the

primary shopping area of a town centre but not necessarily

outside the urban area.

In retailing terms, an out-of-centre location on land not clearly

within the current urban boundary.

An amount of development (for example, the quantity of

buildings or intensity of use) that is excessive in terms of

demands on infrastructure and services, or impact on local

amenity and character.

P & R

Panel

Park and Ride

This is a panel of persons appointed by the Planning

Inspectorate on behalf of the Secretary of State to conduct the

 examination-in-public into a draft revision of a Regional Spatial

Strategy.

A statutory body (in some parts of the country), responsible for

ensuring the area has an effective and integrated public

transport system.

Permitted Development (or Permitted

Development Rights)

Permission to carry out certain limited forms of development

without the need to make an application to a local planning

authority, as granted under the terms of the Town and Country

Planning (General Permitted Development) Order.

The phasing of development into manageable parts. For example,

an annual rate of housing release for a large development that

may need to be controlled so as to avoid destabilising housing

markets and causing low demand.

The principle that the decisions upon planning applications

should be made in accordance with the adopted development

plan, unless there are other material considerations that may

indicate otherwise.

A service set up by the government to help and advise local

planning authorities struggling to meet best value performance

targets for development control.

Planning Aid provides free and independent advice and support

to community groups and individuals unable to employ a

planning consultant.

A consultation method involving creative exercise (for example,

the use of maps and model buildings) designed to engage the

public in plan making.

The benefits or safeguards, often for community benefit,

secured by way of a planning obligation as part of a planning

approval and usually provided at the developer's expense.

For example, affordable housing, community facilities or

mitigation measures.

Legal agreements between a planning authority and a

developer, or undertakings offered unilaterally by a developer,

that ensure that certain extra works related to a development

are undertaken. For example, the provision of highways.

Sometimes called "Section 106" agreements.

The planning and design of street layouts, open space, and

buildings so as to reduce the actual likelihood or fear of crime,

for example by creating natural surveillance.

Formal approval sought from a council, often granted with

conditions, allowing a proposed development to proceed.

Permission may be sought in principle through outline planning

applications, or be sought in detail through full planning

applications.

Issued by central government setting out its national land use

policies for England on different areas of planning. These are

gradually being replaced by Planning Policy Statements.

Issued by central government to replace the existing Planning

Policy Guidance notes in order to provide greater clarity and to

remove from national policy advice on practical implementation,

which is better expressed as guidance rather than policy.

Communities and Local Government publication setting out

detailed proposals for reform of the planning system, building

on Kate Barker's recommendations for improving the speed,

responsiveness and efficiency in land use planning, and taking f

orward Kate Barker's and Rod Eddington's proposals for reform

of major infrastructure planning.

Taking action now to avoid possible environmental damage when

the scientific evidence for acting is inconclusive but the potential

damage could be great.

Previously Developed Land (PDL) or

'Brownfield' land

Previously developed land is that which is or was occupied by a

permanent structure (excluding agricultural or forestry buildings),

and associated fixed-surface infrastructure. The definition covers

the curtilage of the development. Planning Policy Guidance

Note 3 (Housing) has a detailed definition.

Primary Shopping Area (or Primary

Shopping Frontage)

An area where retailing and the number of shops in a town

centre is most concentrated.

A procedure where permission is deemed granted if the local

planning authority does not respond to the developer's

application within a certain time. Often relating to

telecommunication or agricultural developments.

Open space that is usually privately owned and is not usually

accessible by members of the public.

Permanent or temporary physical works of art visible to the

general public, whether part of a building or free-standing. For

example, sculpture, lighting effects, street furniture, paving,

railings and signs.

Urban space, designated by a council, where public access

may or may not be formally established, but which fulfils or

can fulfil a recreational or non-recreational role (for example,

amenity, ecological, educational, social or cultural usages).

Those parts of a village, town or city (whether publicly or

privately owned) available, for everyone to use. This includes

streets, squares and parks.

A public right of way is a highway over which the public have a

right of access along the route.

High-quality, high-frequency bus route usually operated by

low floor vehicles along routes often with a higher degree of

bus priority measures installed to speed up journey times.

RCTS

RDA Single-pot

Rergional Centre Transport Strategy

A source of funding provided by Regional Development

Agencies to support regeneration activities administered by

groups such as local authorities.

Sites designated under the European Ramsar Convention to

protect wetlands that are of international importance, particularly

as waterfowl habitats.

Electronically displayed and up-to-the-minute bus or train arrival

information at public transport stops.

The supporting text in a development plan or Local Development

Document explaining and justifying the approach set out in the

policies contained in the document.

The economic, social and environmental renewal and

improvement of rural and urban areas.

Airports, main rail stations, ports, and motorways that form

a traveller's first point of contact with the area.

Out-of-town or out-of-centre shopping centres generally over

50,000 square metres net retail area, typically enclosing a

wide range of comparison goods.

Regional Assembly / Regional Planning Body (RPB)

Each of the English regions outside of London has a regional

chamber that the regions generally call Regional Assemblies (

not to be confused with the term Elected Regional Assemblies).

They are responsible for developing and co-ordinating a strategic

 vision for improving the quality of life in a region. The assembly

is responsible for setting priorities and preparing certain regional

strategies, including the Regional Spatial Strategy.

The nine Regional Development Agencies (RDAs) set up in

the English regions are non-departmental public bodies. Their

primary role is as a strategic driver of regional economic

development in their region. The RDAs aim is to:

These statutory strategies take an integrated and sustainable a

pproach to economic development and regeneration by tackling

business competitiveness, productivity and the underlying

problems of unemployment, skills shortages, social exclusion

and physical decay. They provide:

a regional framework for economic development, skills and

regeneration to ensure better strategic focus for, and

co-ordination of, activity in the region whether by the agency

or by other regional, sub-regional or local organisations;

a framework for the delivery of national and European

programmes and influence the development of government

policy; and

RFA

Regional Housing Strategy (RHS)

Regional Fundaing Allocation

The regional housing strategy prioritises the housing needs

of the region (by locations and/or types of expenditure) to

allow decisions to be taken on how housing resources should

be allocated within the region. It takes an overall view on

regional housing need, housing investment priorities and

affordable housing targets. This provides a regional context f

or local authorities in drawing up their own housing investment

strategies and to identify regional priorities for housing investment

to be funded through registered social landlords.

A strategy for how a region should look in 15 to 20 years time

and possibly longer. The Regional Spatial Strategy identifies

the scale and distribution of new housing in the region, indicates

areas for regeneration, expansion or sub-regional planning and

specifies priorities for the environment, transport, infrastructure,

economic development, agriculture, minerals and waste

treatment and disposal. Most former Regional Planning

Guidance is now considered RSS and forms part of the

development plan. Regional Spatial Strategies are prepared

by Regional Planning Bodies.

Regional Sustainable Development

Framework (RSDF)

High-level documents that set out a vision for sustainable

development in each region, and the region's contribution to

sustainable development at the national level. In doing so,

frameworks take a wide overview of regional activity and the

regional impact of government policy.

A strategy produced by the Regional Planning Body, informing l

ocal transport plans, and providing a strategic overview of

transport strategies and investment priorities.

Renewable energy is energy flows that occur naturally and

repeatedly in the environment, for example from the wind,

water flow, tides or the sun.

Total floor area of the property that is associated with all

retail uses. Usually measured in square metres. May be

expressed as a net figure (the sales area) or in gross

(including storage, preparation and staff areas).

The potential effects of proposed retail development upon

existing shops.

An assessment undertaken for an application for retail use

(normally on developments over 2,500 square metres gross

floorspace, but they may occasionally be necessary for smaller

developments, such as those likely to have a significant impact

on smaller centres) on the impact of the proposal on the vitality

and viability of existing centres within the catchment area of

the proposed development. The assessment includes the l

ikely cumulative effect of recent permissions, developments

under construction and completed developments. 

Large, usually out-of-town or out-of-centre units selling

non-food items such as DIY, furniture, leisure and household

goods.

Development, usually residential, extending along one or

both sides of a road but not extended in depth.

A forum in which people making representations upon a

Development Plan Document can express their views before a

Government appointed Planning Inspector.

A rural area suffering a concentration of economic and social

needs where regeneration initiatives are focused.

A development plan or Development Plan Document may

allocate small sites within rural areas solely for affordable

housing, which would not otherwise be released for general

market housing.

Policies within unitary development plans, local plans and

structure plans that are saved for a time period during

replacement production of Local Development Documents.

SCC

A retailing area, secondary to the primary shopping frontage,

that provides greater opportunities for a diversity of uses.

A legal agreement under section 106 of the 1990 Town &

Country Planning Act. Section 106 agreements are legal

agreements between a planning authority and a developer, or

undertakings offered unilaterally by a developer, that ensure

that certain extra works related to a development are undertaken.

The place or way in which something is set, for example the

position or surroundings of a listed building.

A settlement pattern describes the way in which hamlets,

villages, towns and cities are distributed in space and the

relationships between them.

Enabling of independent access to retail facilities through the

provision of wheelchairs, scooters and escorts for people with

physical or visual impairments.

An area in which a local planning authority wishes to stimulate

development and encourage investment. It operates by granting

a specified planning permission in the zone without the need

for an application for planning permission and the payment of

planning fees.

An independent business managed by its owner or part owners

and having a small market share either by number of employees

or turnover.

Positive action taken to include all sectors of society in

planning and other decision-making.

A Development Plan Document is considered sound if it is

based upon good evidence and has been prepared in

accordance with all the necessary procedures including

the measures set out in the authority's statement of

Community Involvement.

Changes in the distribution of activities in space and the

linkages between them in terms of the use and development

of land.

Spatial planning goes beyond traditional land use planning

to bring together and integrate policies for the development

and use of land with other policies and programmes which

influence the nature of places and how they function.

This will include policies which can impact on land use by

influencing the demands on, or needs for, development, but

which are not capable of being delivered solely or mainly

through the granting or refusal of planning permission and

which may be implemented by other means.

A brief description of how the area will be changed at the

end of a plan period.

A local planning authority producing an improvement plan,

having failed to meet one or more government Best Value

performance target for development control, relating to

efficient planning application processing.

The Statement of Community Involvement sets out the

processes to be used by the local authority in involving the c

ommunity in the preparation, alteration and continuing review o

f all local development documents and development control

decisions. The Statement of Community Involvement is an

essential part of the new-look Local Development Frameworks.

A report or statement issued by local planning authorities

explaining how they have complied with their Statement of

Community Involvement during consultation on Local

Development Documents.

A government-appointed body set up to give advice and be

consulted for comment upon development plans and planning

applications affecting matters of public interest. Examples of

statutory bodies include: Countryside Agency, English

Heritage, English Nature, Environment

Agency, Health & Safety Executive, Regional Development

Agency, and Sport England.

These policies are implemented directly through the grant

and refusal of planning permission and are part of the Regional

Spatial Strategy.

A key employment site in a strategic location capable of

accommodating major investment, often of national or regional

significance.

An old-style development plan, which sets out strategic

planning policies and forms the basis for detailed policies in

local plans. These plans will continue to operate for a time

after the commencement of the new development plan

system, due to transitional provisions under planning reform.

A Development Plan Document submitted to the Secretary

of State for independent examination by a government-appointed

planning inspector.

A sub-regional strategic body directing, influencing and

co-ordinating a range of economic development and

regeneration activities often made up of key private, public

and other interests.

A self-service store selling mainly food, or food and non-food

goods, usually of more than 2,500 square metres of trading

floor space, with a large car park.

A Supplementary Planning Document is a Local Development

Document that may cover a range of issues, thematic or site

specific, and provides further detail of policies and proposals

in a 'parent' Development Plan Document.

Supplementary Planning Guidance may cover a range of

issues, both thematic and site specific and provide further

detail of policies and proposals in a development plan.

An appraisal of the economic, environmental and social

effects of a plan from the outset of the preparation process

to allow decisions to be made that accord with sustainable

development.

Places where people want to live and work, now and in the f

uture.

A programme issued by the government to set the framework

for delivering sustainable communities over the next 15-20 years.

The main areas of focus are housing supply, new growth areas,

decent homes and the countryside and local environment.

A widely used definition drawn up by the World Commission

on Environment and Development in 1987: "Development that

meets the needs of the present without compromising the

ability of future generations to meet their own needs."

The government has set out four aims for sustainable

development in its strategy A Better Quality of Life, a Strategy

for Sustainable Development in the UK. 

maintenance of high and stable levels of economic growth

and employment.

Often meaning walking, cycling and public use of transport

(and in some circumstances "car sharing"), which is considered

to be less damaging to the environment and which contributes

less to traffic congestion than one-person car journeys.

The general appearance of a built-up area, for example a street

a town or city.

A purpose-built shopping centres incorporating many individual

shop units usually concentrating on comparison goods and

sometimes leisure, residential and other uses.

A forum of traders, businesses and local authorities to agree

and undertake co-ordinated management and care the retail

area, promote trade and funding improvements.

Action plans to sustain and encourage the growth of services

and amenities in a town centre through a partnership of the

local authority and various organisations and people.

A diverse range of town centre uses including, retail, social,

leisure and cultural, housing, employment and other uses.

Includes a range of different-sized centres, including market

and country towns, traditional suburban centres, and quite

often, the principal centre(s) in a local authority's area.

An out-of-centre mixed-use area of larger retail and light

industrial units selling bulky goods.

An assessment of the effects upon the surrounding area

by traffic as a result of a development, such as increased

traffic flows that may require highway improvements.

Generally used to describe arrangements that are put in place

to manage the change from one system of regulations or

procedures to another. More recently used to describe

government regulations outlining the process of preparing

development plans begun before, and to be completed

after, the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004.

It includes existing "saved" unitary, structure and local

plans until new Local Development Documents are

adopted.

An assessment of the availability of, and levels of access

to, all forms of transportation.

Planning the travel impacts of existing and new developments

to minimise travel needs and provide travel choices for example

by efficient car usage (including car sharing), bicycles, and

walking and public transport.

Areas of land use (or developments) that generate travel

demands including places of work, schools and colleges,

shops and retail parks, hospitals and leisure facilities.

A travel plan aims to promote sustainable travel choices (for

example, cycling) as an alternative to single occupancy car

journeys that may impact negatively on the environment,

congestion and road safety. Travel plans can be required

when granting planning permission for new developments.

An old-style development plan prepared by a metropolitan

district and some unitary local authorities, which contains

policies equivalent to those in both a structure plan and local

plan. These plans will continue to operate for a time after the

commencement of the new development plan system, by

virtue of specific transitional provisions.

Studies undertaken to establish how much additional housing

can be accommodated within urban areas.

The art of making places. It involves the design of buildings,

groups of buildings, spaces and landscapes, in villages, towns

and cities, to create successful development.

Involves the planned expansion of a city or town and can

contribute to creating more sustainable patterns of development

when located in the right place, with well-planned infrastructure

including access to a range of facilities, and when developed at

appropriate densities.

The urban fringe is the transitional area between urban areas

and the countryside. It can provide a valuable resource for the

provision of sport and recreation, particularly in situations where

there is an absence of land within urban areas to meet provision.

Making an urban area develop or grow strong again through

means such as job creation and environmental renewal.

A dedicated body through which different people combine to

co-ordinate the delivery of urban regeneration projects such

as major mixed-use developments.

The uncontrolled or unplanned extension of urban areas into

the countryside.

In terms of retailing, a centre that is capable of commercial

success.

A boundary around a village, or part of a village, usually quite

tightly drawn, within which development might be allowed in

principle.

Access around a road junction or access, which should be

free from rival obstruction to evade motorists to see there

traffic and pedestrians.

In terms of retailing, the capacity of a centre to grow or develop

its likeliness and level of activity.

Villages within a designated green belt which are not subject to

specific proposals to extend the village boundary for

development.

wbttg

Written representations

Worsley and Boothstown Transportation Task Group

A procedure by which representations on planning appeals,

development plans and Development Plan Documents can be d

ealt with without the need for a full public inquiry or informal

hearing.

YSB

Zero-carbon Home

Yellow School Bus

Over a year, the net carbon emissions from all energy use in

the home are zero. This includes energy use from cooking,

washing and electronic entertainment appliances as well as

space heating, cooling, ventilation, lighting and hot water.

The visual 'line of sight' or catchment area having the potential

to be visually affected by a particular site or structure, such as

wind turbines.

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